Not lately. The last first-rounder from Duke was Lexie Brown, who transferred into Duke from Maryland as a rising junior. She was drafted 9th in 2018, and has bounced around the league since, most recently to the Seattle Storm. I'm not 100% sure, but I think she's the most recent Duke draftee to still be in the league. The last career Duke player drafted in the first round was Elizabeth Williams in 2015, picked 4th overall. She still is playing, I think for the Chicago Sky.
We've had peripheral picks up until 2020, but nobody who has made an impact, and nobody at all in the last five years.