Some interesting insights on upcoming new technology for vaccines:
https://hms.harvard.edu/news/creating-next-generation-mrna-vaccines
* Harvard Medical School researchers at Boston Children’s Hospital have now developed two technologies that could make these and future mRNA vaccines more potent and longer-lasting — at smaller doses and with fewer side effects.
* Current vaccines offer short-lived immune protection, requiring frequent boosters, and stimulate less of a response in people over 60. They also can cause side effects.
* The adjuvant-vaccine boosted multiple elements of the immune response — not just antibody production, but also cytokine production and immune cell activity, each important for protection from SARS-CoV-2.
* The adjuvant-vaccine combination also produced more long-lasting immunity than the current vaccine alone. Animals receiving the adjuvant showed signs of amplified immunity even one year later. Moreover, in aged mice, the immune response with the adjuvant reached levels similar to those in young adult mice.
* The new mRNA incorporates a second technology — a so-called Multi-Organ Protection (MOP) sequence — designed to reduce side effects. Although the mRNA travels to cells throughout the body, the MOP sequence is designed to ensure that it acts only on muscle tissue.
* “Our technology gives the ability to reduce the vaccine dose but get the same level of immune response,” said Brook. “This is what’s needed for mRNA vaccines to be used more widely.”
* The team believes the technology could be adapted for other mRNA vaccines in development, such as flu vaccines. Alternatively, the optimized version of the mRNA vaccine could be given as an adjuvant together with other types of vaccines.
* They have moved on to testing it in non-human primates, whose immune systems resemble more closely those of humans, with the ultimate goal of moving into human clinical trials.