Interesting question. I googled it and found a couple of studies that seek to understand
different electoral incentives on legislator productivity. My general hypothesis is that there are some structural things one could do to improve legislator productivity (on average).
Back of the envelope, I would segment by:
1. Changes to the system of getting electing to make it more likely a legislator interested in work/compromise wins (for example, less gerrymandering).
2. Rules changes once one gets elected (term limits would get put here or, for reps, lengthening the term)
Do we consider the Senate more functional than the house? I'd make that argument so believe that longer term limits for Reps might encourage more bipartisanship and genera productivity. I don't know, I also think people talk up the dysfunction of today as if Congress was once super civil and functional. It's always been pretty rough and tumble --- some nasty battles over civil rights, the wars, Nixon, the "red scare" and McCarthyism. The halcyon days never were, IMO.