Originally Posted by
lotusland
That was a great explanation! It’s also available as a podcast from RealLifeLore called “Why Russia is Invading Ukraine,” but the graphics on YouTube are definitely worthwhile. I didn’t realize how important a role oil and gas have played in these events, especially since 2012. That could at least partially explain why all the world concern seen here was absent when Russia invaded Georgia in 2008 (using the same approach as they did in Ukraine – by coming to the aid of two “breakaway” sections of the country). Here are some facts that seem particularly relevant:
• In 2012 approximately 2 trillion cubic meters of natural gas were discovered in Ukraine’s exclusive economic zone within the Black Sea, with the largest reserves concentrated around the Crimean peninsula.
• Shale oil deposits were found in Ukraine in the east around Donetsk and Kharkiv, and in the west around the Carpathian Mountains. Techniques to extract oil from shale were perfected in the early 2010’s.
• By 2012 it had become clear that Ukraine had the world’s 14th largest reserves of natural gas, and they partnered with Shell and Exxon to extract it. Within years these western companies could help Ukraine become Europe’s second petrostate, making it a major threat to Russia’s source of revenue and power. If Germany could just get its gas from Ukraine the political situation in the region would change dramatically.
• By taking Crimea in 2014 Russia also took an estimated 80% of Ukraine’s offshore oil and gas reserves. They also took billions of dollars of drilling equipment and other assets in Crimea, crippling Ukraine’s future potential to challenge Russia’s primary source of wealth and power. Russia also regained control over their most geostrategically valuable port, Sevastopol in Crimea.
• Large portions of Ukraine’s shale reserves lie within the Donbass region. After Russia asserted authority over both Donbass and Crimea, Shell and Exxon backed out of their contracts with Ukraine, leaving them with no capacity to extract the resources themselves.
• Crimea gets 85% of its water from a canal leading from the Dnieper River in Ukraine. After the Russians took Crimea in 2014 Ukraine stopped sending water down the canal. Since then, Crimea has been slowly drying out, causing Russia to have to spend billions of dollars a year to prop it up.
• NATO has a rule that no country with a current territorial dispute may join NATO until the dispute has been settled peacefully, so by asserting territorial claims Russia (a) took control over valuable resources, (b) kept Ukraine from becoming an energy competitor, and (c) kept Ukraine out of NATO.
Major oil and gas deposits in black:
UkraineGas2012b.jpg